Graphic design has ancient roots, dating back to early human communication through cave paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and Chinese woodblock printing. These visual systems laid the foundation for conveying ideas through imagery and text. During the Middle Ages, illuminated manuscripts showcased intricate layouts and lettering, especially in religious texts. Islamic calligraphy also flourished as a revered art form. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century revolutionized graphic design by enabling mass production of books and posters, making visual communication more accessible and standardized. In the 19th and 20th centuries, graphic design evolved rapidly alongside industrialization and new technologies. Movements like Art Nouveau and Bauhaus introduced modern aesthetics and functional design principles. The rise of advertising, branding, and packaging in the early 1900s expanded the role of graphic designers in commerce. With the digital revolution, graphic design entered a new era—embracing web design, motion graphics, and user interface design. Today, it’s a dynamic field that blends creativity, technology, and strategy to shape how we interact with information and culture.